Flabellina affinis (Gmelin, 1791)
Informació taxonòmica WoRMS
Nom acceptat actual: Flabellina affinis (Gmelin, 1791)
Classificació actual
| Superdomain | Biota |
|---|---|
| Kingdom | Animalia |
| Phylum | Mollusca |
| Class | Gastropoda |
| Subclass | Heterobranchia |
| Infraclass | Euthyneura |
| Subterclass | Ringipleura |
| Superorder | Nudipleura |
| Order | Nudibranchia |
| Suborder | Aeolidina |
| Superfamily | Fionoidea |
| Family | Flabellinidae |
| Genus | Flabellina |
| Species | Flabellina affinis (Gmelin, 1791) |
Nota taxonòmica: La classificació dels Flabellinidae semblava força estable fins que el 2017 van aparèixer una sèrie de treballs (Furfaro et al. 2017; Korshunova et al. 2017) que pretenien aclarir l´estatus de la família Flabellinidae. L´objectiu principal del treball de Furfaro et al. era caracteritzar molecularment les espècies mediterrànies mentre que el treball de Korshunova et al. pretenia aprofundir en les relacions filogenètiques entre diversos membres de la família Flabellinidae i les altres famílies dels aeolidacis.
Tots dos treballs es basaven en la combinació de tècniques moleculars i morfològiques i, de fet, no ofereixen resultats molt diferents, però sí difereixen en la mida i procedència de les mostres estudiades i, sobretot, en la interpretació d´aquests resultats. Després de l´aparició del treball de Furfaro et al., moltes espècies Mediterrànies dels gèneres Calmella, Flabellina i Piseinotecus es van agrupar sota el gènere comú Flabellina, però van tenir determinats problemes amb algunes espècies que no encaixaven bé amb la classificació proposada (per exemple Flabellina babai), van descobrir que les poblacions mediterrània i atlàntica de Flabellina ischitana corresponen a dues espècies críptiques diferents, i van constatar els problemes del grup críptic Calmella cavolini / Flabellina confusa / Piseinotecus gaditanus per la qual cosa van indicar la necessitat de fer nous estudis per aclarir el seu estatus.
Curiosament aquests estudis s´estaven duent a terme pràcticament en paral·lel pel grup de Korshunova et al. però sobre una mostra d´espècies molt més àmplia i que comprenia exemplars de l´Àrtic, Atlàntic nord, oceà Pacífic i Índic. Aquest segon treball confirma la polifilia de la família Flabellinidae, però la seva forma d´interpretar els resultats representa una veritable revolució per a la taxonomia dels aeolidacis, especialment per a la família Flabellinidae.
Tots dos treballs observen que hi ha dos clades (grups) ben diferenciats de Flabellinidae: el de Coryphella pedata i similars, amb cerata que surten directament del dors, i el de Flabellina affinis i similars, que tenen els cerata de cada grup pedunculats. Encara que Furfaro et al. consideren a les espècies de tots dos clades pertanyents al gènere Flabellina dins de la família Flabellinidae, Korshunova et al. diferència dues famílies: Coryphellidae i Flabellinidae sensu stricto, creant a més multitud de gèneres diferents en aquestes famílies per incloure a les espècies que estudien. La seva proposta taxonòmica, curiosament, dóna resposta als problemes trobats per Furfaro et al.
En certa manera tots dos treballs es complementen, si bé en el treball de Korshunova et al. s´evidencia la manca d´estudis sobre les espècies de flabellinids tropicals i del sud d´Amèrica i Àfrica, de manera que encara no s´ha dit l´última paraula. La proposta de creació de nous gèneres per reunir petits grups d´espècies, en comptes de gèneres multiespecífics, sembla ser la tendència en alguns dels treballs filogenètics dels últims anys. Es pot consultar una discussió detallada d´aquesta apassionant controvèrsia a (https://opistobranquis.info/ca/flabellinidae/).
- Doris affinis Gmelin, 1791 (original)
- Eolidia flabellina Vérany, 1846
Descripció
És una espècie que pot aconseguir fins a 50 mm de longitud. El cos és translúcid i de coloració general rosa-violaci, una mica més clar el peu. Palps orals i propodials també del color violaci. Els rinòfors són fins, anellats i del mateix color que el cos. L’àpex dels palps orals i dels rinòfors sol ser blanquinosos. Els cerata són llargs i estrets amb la punta afilada, semitransparents, de color violeta suau excepte el terç superior que és una mica més fosc; l’àpex sol ser blanquinós. Dins dels cerata el diverticle de la glàndula digestiva és un fi cordó de color marró-vermellós. Els cerata estan reunits en 7-8 grups a cada costat del cos; Els cerata de cada grup surten d’uns apèndixs gruixuts laterals del cos que tanmateix es subdivideixen en 2-3 apèndixs més petits, disposant cadascun d’aquests de 3-4 cerata. Aquests apèndixs dels que surten els cerata són de color rosat, podent-se distingir en ells en alguns exemplars unes petites taques de color violeta més fosc. Els orificis genitals es troben sota el primer grup de cerata de la dreta. El peu és estret i semitransparent.
Biologia
És un dels nudibranquis més vistosos, abundant i fàcil d’identificar en les costes europees. Com la majoria dels nudibranquis eolidàcis , s’alimenta de hidrozous, en aquest cas de l’atecat del gènere Eudendrium (E. ramosum, E. racemosum), sobre colònies arborescents les quals sol localitzar-se, freqüentment compartint substrat i aliment amb un altre eolidàci molt freqüent, Cratena peregrina. Generalment es troba entre 5 i 20 m. de profunditat. F. affinis sol dipositar la posta sobre el mateix hidrari; aquesta té forma de cordó ondulat de color rosat disposat quelcom desordenadament; l’amplària del cordó és d’uns 0.5 mm i dins d’ell, els ous, d’unes 90 micres, estan col·locats de forma molt atapeïda entre si. No és rar trobar exemplars parasitats amb copèpodes, les postes dels quals, en forma de cordó blanc, són molt aparents en el dors del nudibranqui i entre els cerata.
Etimologia
- Flabellina deriva del llatí Flabellum, que significa “ventall”.
- Affinis, es tradueix per “afí, similar”.
Distribució
Es tracta d’un dels opistobranquis més freqüents i de més àmplia distribució que es troben en aigües europees. En la Península Ibèrica ha estat citada en totes les seves costes excepte en la cornisa cantàbrica i a Galícia. Citada també a Balears i Canàries. A Catalunya es presenta en totes les costes rocalloses, sempre on es trobi la seva espècie aliment.
Cites georeferenciades conegudes de l'espècie: Flabellina affinis
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Espècies semblants
Paraflabellina ischitana és molt semblant però els cerata no tenen els extrems violeta. Edmundsella pedata té rinòfors llisos i els cerata surten directament del cos i sense els extrems violeta.
Abundància
| Mediterrània occidental: | ★★★★☆ |
| Mediterrània oriental: | ★★★★☆ |
| Oceà Atlàntic: | ★★☆☆☆ |
Mes
Aquesta gràfica mostra la probabilitat d’observació mensual de Flabellina affinis basada en els nostres propis registres.
Videos
Altres fotos
Flabellina affinis by Enric Madrenas
Flabellina affinis
Flabellina affinis by Enric Madrenas
Flabellina affinis by Enric Madrenas
Flabellina affinis by Enric Madrenas
Flabellina affinis by Enric Madrenas
Flabellina affinis by Enric Madrenas
Flabellina affinis by Enric Madrenas
Flabellina affinis by Enric Madrenas
Flabellina affinis by Enric Madrenas
Flabellina affinis
Flabellina affinis and Cratena peregrina by Enric Madrenas
Flabellina affinis @ La Herradura, Granada, Spain 3-04-2017 by Stefan Verheyen
Flabellina affinis @ La Herradura, Granada, Spain 3-04-2017 by Stefan Verheyen
Flabellina affinis @ La Herradura, Granada, Spain 9-04-2017 by Stefan Verheyen
Flabellina affinis with parasite copepods @ La Herradura, Granada, Spain 11-04-2017 by Stefan Verheyen
Flabellina affinis @ Sicily, Italy by Lara Orselli
Flabellina affinis @ Sicily, Italy by Lara Orselli
Flabellina affinis by Miquel Pontes
Flabellina affinis by Miquel Pontes
Flabellina affinis by Miquel Pontes
Flabellina affinis by Nani Díez
Flabellina affinis @ Cala Montgó, L’Escala by Nani Díez Bosch
Flabellina affinis @ L’Escala, Spain by Eli Franco Valero
Bibliografia
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Flabellina affinis
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https://opistobranquis.info/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
Bibliografia basada en els treballs de Steve Long, 2006. Bibliography of Opisthobranchia 1554-2000 i Gary McDonald, 2009. Bibliographia Nudibranchia, amb actualitzacions posteriors procedents d´altres fonts.
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Ballesteros, M., Madrenas, E. & Pontes, M. (2025) "Flabellina affinis" a OPK-Opistobranquis. Publicat: 17/05/2012. Accedit: 27/07/2026. Disponible a (https://opistobranquis.info/ca/?p=597)
